Answer:
The most appropriate answer would be C. melting and cooling.
Igneous or magmatic rock is mainly formed by cooling and solidification of lava or magma.
Melting can be done by either one or more processes such as a decrease in pressure, increase in temperature, and change in composition.
Solidification refers to the process by which molten magma is converted into solid by cooling down of temperature.
If solidification occurs below the earth surface the rock is termed as intrusive rock whereas if the same occurs above the earth surface the rock is termed as an extrusive rock