a^2 - 4b = c^2 <=> a^2 - c^2 = 4b <=> ( a + c )( a - c ) = 4b, cu a, b, c nr. intregi ;
Avem doua posibilitati :
a) a = 2x si b = 2y;
Atunci ( a + c )( a - c ) = 4b <=> x^2 - y^2 = b;
Relatia a^2 -2b devine 2x^2 +2y^2 = ([tex] \sqrt{2} x[/tex])^2 + ([tex] \sqrt{2} y[/tex])^2, adica suma a doua patrate perfecte ;
b) a = 2x + 1 si b = 2y + 1 ;
In mod analog. obtii ca x^2 - y^2 + x - y = b;
si, dupa ce prelucrezi, ai ca a^2 - 2b = [[tex] \sqrt{2} ( x + 1 / 2 )[/tex]]^2 + [][tex] \sqrt{2} ( y + 1 / 2 )[/tex]^2, adica, suma a doua patrate perfecte .
Bafta!