To get rid of [tex] x^{3} [/tex], you have to take the third root of both sides:
[tex] \sqrt[3]{x^{3}} = \sqrt[3]{1} [/tex]
But that won't help you with understanding the problem. It is better to write [tex] x^{3}-1 [/tex] as a product of 2 polynomials:
[tex] x^{3}-1 = (x-1)\cdot (x^{2} +x +1) [/tex]
From this we know, that [tex] x-1 = 0 => x = 1 [/tex] is the solution. Another solutions (complex roots) are the roots of quadratic equation.